The Risks of Database System - 1059 Words

Executive Summary The Army uses a database system that provides information retrieval capabilities for the Army National Guard (ARNG) commissioned officers, warrant officers, and enlisted personnel. Its a computerized personnel information application designed to support the following functional areas; Strength Accounting and Personnel Management. The system provides the end users with capabilities to: enter data, including database updates and data validations; edit transaction input and update the database; generate reports and retrieve information throughout queries; generate interface transactions for the headquarters operating level at the National Guard Bureau (NGB), Military Pay Branch (MPB) at the State Level, and Retirement Points Accounting Management (RPAM) and generating output for external interfaces and data transfers. The following Report articulates the top 10 potentially highest risks that may creep into our database system and impact it. Actions and strategies are discussed to prevent these risks from occurring. Scope and Objectives of Report. The scope of the Report is discussion of the risks that may enter the Army data base system. The system keeps information on everyone within the Army National Guard and the problem is that we will accrue costs if the information is not correctly entered. The objective of this report is therefore to delineate all the potential top risks of the system and details ways that we can prevent and control these risks fromShow MoreRelatedBuilding Phase Of The Construction Phase1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe database consolidation infrastructure build phase also referred to as the construction phase is a daunting phase where multiple factors will be under consideration depending on the system requirements associated with the databases and supporting applications in cluding storage, CPU, cache, RAM and most importantly elastic scalability for future growth or database retirement. Furthermore, considerations of migrating to the Cloud at a future date cannot be bypassed or overlooked. 1.8.1 AddressingRead MoreSystems Consideration in Hris Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages|Strayer university | |Systems Consideration in HRIS | |Week 3 Assignment – HRM520 | | Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Database Security1383 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Database security is the system, processes and procedure that protect the database from unauthorized individual or malicious attacks. The researches on database security has been increased gradually over the years as the most of critical business functionalities and military secrets became digitized. Database is an integral part of the information system and often holds the sensitive data. The database have to be protected from external connections like firewalls or routers on the networkRead MoreHuffman Trucking Benefits Election System Risks1200 Words   |  5 PagesElection System Security Lisa M. 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The research was conducted by accessing information from the internet, reading various books and articlesRead MoreHuffman Truckings Request for a New Benefits Election System1161 Words   |  5 PagesHuffman Trucking: Benefits Election System Huffman Trucking Company has requested a new Benefits Election System to be implemented within the organization. The current benefit packages include medical, dental, and vision plans for employees. For the Benefit Election System, employee information and the benefit package they choose are stored and managed on a database system. This can either be a hardcopy paper file or an electronic file. Regardless of the storage method, security measures needRead MoreProject : Online Workflow System Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Workflow System Approval Date: 9th October 21, 2015 Project sponsor: Chief executive officer Project Manager: Managing Director of the information technology department Primary customers/partners Users Our organization Staff/employees Our organization Project Core members Role Delivery Ownership Project manager Responsible for planning, communications, budget planning, schedule progress and change management. Database administrator Database management Database developer Database development

Quality And Quality Of Product Quality - 1268 Words

Product quality is defined as the collection of features and characteristics of a product that contributes to its ability to meet given requirements. †¨It is however not only the physical attributes of a product which make up its quality, there are many components which can determine a products level of quality. These can range from the function-ability of the product to the customer service and general consumer experience while purchasing the product. †¨In this report I will be focusing on Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Product Specifications and why they are all so important in terms of product quality. I will also look at an instance of product quality failure, in this particular example Lululemon had to recall certain products because they had failed to adequately test the quality of those products. I will identify exactly what happened, why it happened and what was done to rectify the situation. †¨ 2.0 Background Information†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨2.1 Quality Control is defined as the process of setting standards and testing to make sure something, like a product or service, is done correctly.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨2.2 Quality Assurance is defined as the maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product, especially by means of attention to every stage of the delivery or production process.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨2.3 Product Specification is a document that provides critical defining information about a product. They can include: Coding information, Labelling and Packaging Instructions, Component Materials,Show MoreRelatedThe Quality Of Quality Products3330 Words   |  14 Pageseverything else, what consumers want from companies is the quality of the products that they are buying. Most consumers do not mind spending an extra buck for the sake of having the best product available. In addition, to this, consumers will go way out of their comfort zone to get a durable product. However, th e truth of the matter is that most companies that lasted in the market do not have this in mind. Their provision of quality products is limited to what the statistical analysis in their booksRead MoreProduct Quality853 Words   |  4 PagesITC3009 Product Quality and Evaluation Student: Kong Ka Yu Kate ID: 11301265D Lesson 5 Fabric Properties Homework 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. E 5. List some important physical properties of the fabric. The properties of textile fabrics are important for the control of quality, as well as for end use determination. There are several physical properties of fabric which affecting the performance and aesthetic of fabric. The first one is fabric count, it influences thickness of the fabricRead MoreProduct Quality1288 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing†. Discuss The success of a product is always determined by how well it’s marketed. 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Riordan manufacturing has been directly impacted by this risk because many of the products that they have produced recently are of low quality and our production levels are extremely low beyond the standard manufacturing levels. A new project has been initiated to address the risk issues involved low employee morale and product quality and quantity. Project Summary The requirements for this project will be to not only discover why experienced trained employees

Consumer Behaviour †Concept Used by Marketers Free Essays

An award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognise excellence in a certain field, a certificate of excellence. Awards are often signified by trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons. Each person on this earth yearns for appreciation, recognition and affirmation. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behaviour – Concept Used by Marketers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some hanker for the recognition from their loved ones, some want to be recognised by their boss, organisation want to be recognised by consumers, some aim at appreciation from the masses or their peers in general and usually, organisations aim for affirmation (For example, ISO or Cast Trust awards). Marketers in this case had used the consumer-driven approach, consumer wants are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. Every aspect of a market offering, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. Concept There are some types of relationships a person may have with a product. Trophies, medals and awards have given the consumers relationships of self-concept attachment, nostalgic attachment and love. They help to establish the user’s identity, serve as a link with a self past and elicit emotional bonds of warmth, passion or other strong emotion. Our perception is an approximation of reality. Our brain attempts to make sense out of the stimuli to which we are exposed. Several sequential factors influence our perception. Trophies, medals and awards have given consumers the perception of vision and touch. Vision Marketers reply heavily on visual elements in advertising, store design, and packaging. They communicate meanings on the visual channel through a product’s colour, size and styling. Colours may even influence our emotions more directly. Evidence suggests that some colours create feelings of arousal and stimulate appetite, and others create more relaxing feelings. Others reactions are a result of biological and culture differences. We know that perceptions of colour depend on both its physical wavelength and how the mind responds to that stimulus. Touch This sensory channel is relatively important even though scientists have done little research on the effects of tactile stilulation on consumer behaviour. Sensation that reach our skin, whether from a luxurious massage or the bite of a winter wind, stimulate or relax. Researchers even have shown that touch can influence sales interactions, they are starting to identify the important role the haptic (touch) sense plays in consumer behaviour. Haptic senses appear to moderate the relationship between product experience and judgement confidence, confirming the common sense notion that we are more sure about what we have preceive when we touch it. Motivation Motivation refers to the process that lead people to behave as they do. It occurs when a need is aroused that the consumer wishes to satisfy. The need creates a state of tension that drives the consumer to attempt to reduce or eliminate. The desired end state is the consumers’s goal. Marketers try to create products and services that will provide the desired benefits and permit the consumer to reduce this tention. When trophies, medals or awards are given to people or organization, it acts as a form of appreciation, recognition and affirmation. It becomes a very strong motivating factor to do more and be better. On the other hand, the absence of timely appreciation acts as a powerful de-motivator, and sometimes even pushes people to destructive behavior. The use of awards trophies and awards plaques can be used as an exceptionally potent way to express appreciation, recognition and affirmation at all levels, at home, at the work place and even globally. Values Researchers had identified four dominant of values, freedom, belongingness, excellence and connection. Classifying Consumer Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is one of the consumer needs theory. People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-valued, be it in a profession or hobby. Maslow’s concept of self-actualisation relates directly to the present day challenges and opportunities for people, employers and organisations to provide real meaning, purpose and true personal development. Self-Concept The self-concept is composed of relatively permanent self-assessments, such as personality attributes, knowledge of one’s skills and abilities, one’s occupation and hobbies, and awareness of one’s physical attributes. The self-concept is not restricted to the present. It includes past selves and future selves. Future selves or â€Å"possible selves† represent individuals’ ideas of what they might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming. They correspond to hopes, fears, standards, goals, and threats. Possible selves may function as incentives for future behavior and they also provide an evaluative and interpretive context for the current view of self. Self-Esteem Self-esteem reflects a person’s overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her own worth. People with high self-esteem expect that they will perform very well and people with low self-esteem will try to avoid embarrassment, failure or rejection. Marketers communication can influence a consumer’s self-esteem. A process of social comparison, where the person tries to evaluate himself/herself by comparing it to the person these artificial images depict. Examples The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognise excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent film award ceremonies in the world. Generally, it has been seen that the award of such trophies can be powerful motivators for all people. This is basically because most people crave appreciation, recognition and affirmation for their efforts, whether they work at home or in an office. These awards need not be expensive or grand, as long as they are tailor made for the recipient. 1248 words References http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trophy http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Medal https://www. amazines. com/article_detail. cfm/725101? articleid=725101 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Consumer_behaviour http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization http://www. consumerpsychologist. com/cb_Perception. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-concept http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Academy_Awards Michael R. Solomon,_ Consumer Behaviour_, 8e Pearson Education, Inc. How to cite Consumer Behaviour – Concept Used by Marketers, Papers

Kate chopin adversity and criticism Essay Example For Students

Kate chopin: adversity and criticism Essay Kate chopin: adversity and criticism Essay Tragedy, death, adversity and criticism can one or a combination of these circumstances influence the path you take? Enduring the death of loved ones, facing critical abuse and public denunciation as an immoralist, Kate Chopin is considered among the most important women in the nineteenth-century American fiction. (Scarsella) Katherine (Chopin) OFlaherty was born of Irish-French descendants. There is some controversy over the actual date of her birth. Kate stated her day of birth as February 8,1851. There was another listed date, July 12, 1850. Most biographers listed Kate year of birth as 1851 as Kate stated, but Toth discover both baptismal date of May 12, 1850, recorded for Kate at St. Louis Cathedral registry and the U.S. Census record of August 1850 that records a seven-month-old baby, Cath, at the OFlaherty home. (Toth, 24) Therefore, the actual date of birth is unclear. Her father, Thomas OFlaherty, was Irish immigrant who became wealthy. Her mother, Eliza Faris OFlaherty, was of French-Creole heritage. Eliza, at age 16, became Thomas second wife. From Thomas first marriage was born George OFlaherty, Kates half brother whom she loved with all her heart. Also living in the home was her grandmother and her great-grandmother. Kate had a special bond with her father. She was always curious and inquisitive about his job. So, at the age of 5, Thomas OFlaherty decided to take his daughter to work with him one day. This caused the bond to grow even stronger. Her father was one of the founders of the Pacific Railroad. In 1855, during a celebration ceremony of the completion of the Pacific Railroad, a bridge collapsed and the train fell into the Gasconade River. Her father died in this accident, this beginning a series of tragedies Kate had to endure. After her fathers death, she began bonding with the other members of her family. Her mother, Eliza, dealt with death of her husband by focusing on religion. She enrolled Kate in the St. Louis Academy of the Sacred Heart. It is here that Kate discovers literature and the joys of reading (Hoffman). Her great-grandmother taught her to speak French and play the piano. She also delighted Kate with stories that made a vial impression on her. One of which was the story of how her grandmother, had run a ferry service on the Mississippi, and lively stories of women who dared- and seldom remarried. (Howard) In 1863, Kate had to endure more heartache. Her great-grandmother dies. During the same year, her half-brother, George, was captured as a Confederate soldier in the Civil War, contracted typhoid fever and dies. This caused Kate to go into seclusion for two years. She spent most of her time in the family attic. Missing a great deal of school at this time did not cause Kate to flounder. Although she was a scholastic student, she being a creative storyteller. After finishing school, she took two years off and became the belle in St. Louis Society in which her mother, Eliza, was so fond of. It was during this time that Kate started being criticized for her rebellious life style. She would be seen walking around the city unaccompanied, and even smoking. This was a period in time when her behavior was not considered as a norm among high society. Women were treated as second class people. They could not vote or have an open opinion on any thing other than the duties of a wife. Why was Kate not allowed to walk alone? Why was she not allowed to smoke or present herself as she grew to be? What were the duties of a wife according to Kate Chopin? After all, three widows; a mother, a grandmother, and a great-grandmother raised her. She grew up with women making decisions about their lives, and on tales of women being dominant and strong. Some of her influencing may also have come from the school she attended. .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .postImageUrl , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:hover , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:visited , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:active { border:0!important; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:active , .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26 .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7757c5d2b6660f9fdb1876e76ca89f26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The House on Mango Street Essay The nuns were strong and durable, and showed her women could be in charge of their own lives. Many critics believe this is when Kate became rebellious of the way women were treated. But her first account of rebellion .

The book, Uncle Toms Cabin was obviously a nove Essay Example For Students

The book, Uncle Toms Cabin was obviously a nove Essay The book, Uncle Toms Cabin was obviously a novel where the setting was the major factor in the plot of the story. If this had taken place in any other area, like Canada, there would not have even been as story because slavery did not exist there. Therefore the South was the prime region to have this plot revolve around. Everything contained here contributed to the actions of the characters, which will be explained in the following paragraphs. The setting was such an important influence because, like I said before, it took place down in the South. This is where slavery was at its peak and was used and abused by almost every citizen. The black race was treated harshly just because of their color. They were beaten, over-worked, and disrespected. Most of them were illiterate as well which did not help one bit. In turn they could not make intelligent decisions, better yet pursue what they wanted. Even if they had that ability though, that option was not available because they were black. We will write a custom essay on The book, Uncle Toms Cabin was obviously a nove specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The details of the setting that influenced the actions of the characters were, again, the time period and where it took place. However this was not the only thing that persuaded the characters because they influenced each other. The citizens followed the crowd and did not have their own opinions. If some persons idea differed from that of the majority, he/she would not dare speak up because they feared rejection. Legree was one of the people looked up to and respected even though what he was dong was totally wrong. Since he had power and money though, he was admired. The only three people that actually did take a stand, if you will, were George Shelby Jr., Augustine St. Clare, and his daughter, Evangeline. These three characters opposed slavery and tried to do something about it. (Unfortunately, though, the St. Clares efforts were diminished because they both died). They were the citizens that should have been looked up to and followed. Specific examples that show the settings influence on the characters were all over the book. The next three excerpts will give you an illustration of them. This first passage was at the very beginning of the book when Mr. Legree was inside of the Shelbys house, trying to make a deal on slaves. See, the Shelbys were in debt at the moment and the only way that they could make some money was to sell some of their slaves. This family was very nice indeed to their slaves and took care of them well so the last thing that they wanted to do was sell them off, but in order to keep the plantation functioning, money was needed. Therefore, Mr. Legree was going to buy ten male slaves of his choice. One out of his ten happened to be Elizas (Mrs. Shelbys housekeeper) little son, Harry. He was only buying Harry to anger Eliza because he had actually wanted her, but could not have her. This next passage describes his personality and that of the other slave traders. Lor bless ye, yes! These critters ant like white folks, you know; they gets over things, only manage right. Now, they say, said Haley, assuming a candid and confidential air, that this kind o trade is hardening to the feelings; but I never found it so. Fact is, I never could do things up the way some fellersmanage the business. Ive seen em as would p7ll a womans child out her arms, and wset him up tos ell, and she screechin like mad all the time; very bad policy damages the article makes em quite unfit for service sometimes. I knew a real handsome gal once, in Orleans, as was entirely ruined by this sort o handling. The fellow that was trading for her didnt want her handling. The fellow that was trading for her didnt want her baby; and she was one of your real high sort, when hr blood was up. I tell you, she squeezed up her child in her arms, and talked, and went on real awful. It kinder makes my blood run cold to think ont; and when they carried off the child, and

Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays

Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper The church at Galatia, founded by Paul was at a point of instability. In Paul s absence they were introduced to the jurisprudence by some Judaizers from Jerusalem, who insisted on the Circumcision stand foring the compact of God with Abraham. Their claim was that to be saved one must maintain the jurisprudence and Circumcision. Paul had antecedently preached Jesus to the Galatians but in his absence these Hebrews from Jerusalem came prophesying the jurisprudence to the Gentiles. It is to this terminal that Paul writes to the Galatians, with the exclusive purpose of re-establishing the undiluted message of redemption that he had antecedently preached to them. In seeking to clearly present his message, Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy, together with historical and cultural allusions to drive place his point to the Gentiles and to rectify the false instruction that they had received. The intent of this essay therefore is to supply an analysis of the Sarah Hagar analogy as used by Paul in the book of Galatians 4. Hagar-Sarah Analogy The term analogy refers to similarity or comparing, etc. Analogy plays a important function in job resolution, determination devising, perceptual experience, memory, creativeness, emotion, account and communicating. The primary intent of analogy is to exemplify and cast visible radiation on one country of cognition by mention to a similar, for case Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy to rebut false instructions. The apostle Paul was faced with a undertaking of rectifying unorthodoxies taught by some Judaizers. The textual and historical stuff suggests that their instruction hindered the Christians at Galatia, doing them to follow after the jurisprudence of Circumcision. Hebrews came from Jerusalem learning that what Paul had taught could non be taken at face value, his instructions and apostleship were questioned, and to the Galatians this must hold been true, since this message was coming from Jews from Jerusalem, the 1s who received the jurisprudence, Abraham s posterities. Their message was that an person can non merely accept Jesus and make off with the jurisprudence ; accepting Jesus is good but one besides needs to maintain the Law of Moses every bit good as partake in Circumcision of the flesh ( foreskin ) . Even the cursory reader of Galatians could non neglect to experience the force of Paul s righteous choler. In Galatians 3:1, he charges: You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? It would look that Paul was annoyed by the Galatian s attitude of accepting another message apart from the message they had foremost received. The philosophy of the Judaizers displeased Paul so much that he made a comparing of Hagar and Sarah. The Hagar-Sarah analogy represents bondage which is found in detecting the Law of Moses and freedom which is found in Jesus Christ. At this occasion it is of import to give a briefing on these two adult females. Hagar Hagar was the slave or housemaid of Sarah, who gave birth to a boy on Sarah s petition in an effort to carry through God s promise, Genesis 16:1-2. Hagar s boy mocked Isaac after he was wean, this angered Sarah who sent Hagar and her boy off, observing that her boy would non portion in Isaac s the heritage, Genesis 21:8-10. It would look that Hagar was the chief parent in her boy s life as there is no record in Bible to bespeak that she was married, Genesis 21 ; 20. Some believe that the Keturah spoken of in Genesis 25:1 that Abraham married refer to Hagar. On rating of this theory, it can be stated that Hagar was an Egyptian, Genesis 16:1, whilst some school of idea suggest that Keturah was an Ethiopian. In add-on, Hagar was stated as giving birth to one boy, viz. , Ishmael. The Bibles record that Ishmael would be blessed and 12 states would come from him ( 1 histories 1:29 ) . Keturah on the other manus is noted in Genesis 25:2 and 1 Histories 1:32 as holding six boies, Ishmael s name was non mentioned. These biblical mentions do non favor Keturah as Ishmael s female parent, but instead Hagar. Hence it can be deduced that Hagar and Keturah are different people. Sarah Sarah was the married woman of Abraham, the adult male whom Bible refers to as believing God, who in bend God credited him as righteous, Genesis 15:6. Sarah was a low adult female. She was the female parent of Isaac, the lone boy that she gave birth to in her old age. Sarah was besides the proprietor of a housemaid or break ones back miss, Genesis 16:1. Subsequently her name was changed by God from Sarai to Sarah because of God s compact with them, Genesis 17:15. So, Sarah was a free adult female, decently married ; the bearer, along with Abraham her Husband of God s Promises. This analogy which Paul presents is of great significance, it shows what is of import to the Christian experience and endurance. Through chapters one to four there is a patterned advance, in which Paul addresses the distractions which came against the belief of the Galatians into following another Gospel. The 4th chapter high spots an analogy which is geared to gnaw the instructions of the Judaizers. There is a school of idea which hold that Paul does non give a right history of Bible because of the manner in which he uses this analogy ; grounds of this can be seen in the work of Tondo, who suggest that Paul was a false prophesier because he tried to invalidate the importance of the jurisprudence in his Sarah Hagar analogy. Another school nevertheless asserts that Paul s usage of this analogy is appropriate because it proves to the Galatians and Judaizers that the lone manner for them to be justified or made righteous is by the sacrificial decease of Christ on the cross. He does this by indicating his audience to the failing of the Law, comparing it to Hagar the slave miss. His statement meant that works or human attempt would non be sufficient to set world in right standing with God. This is seen in the manner he links two adult females and their boies. In Galatians 4:22-23 Paul focuses on the two boies and the two adult females or female parents associated with Abraham. Paul first introduces the boies non by their names, indicating to Bible by utilizing the word written in verse 22 to examine into or to foreground the insufficiencies of the Judaizers apprehension of Bible. This word written is merely to admit that it is stated in the Old Testament scriptures. Evidence of the usage of this word written , to intend the Law is besides seen in the ministry of Jesus Christ, Matthew 4:4. Paul goes farther to talk of one boy who is born of a slave adult female ; neither boy nor female parent s name being given. He so introduces another boy and female parent whose names are besides non mentioned. In this instance this female parent is acknowledged as a free adult female. When one speaks of slave it carries the thought of one non being in control of his or her life and is owned by person else. In this instance it can be implied that since the female parent is owned by person, the boy automatically is owned by the same individual. The slave adult female and her boy are contrasted with the free adult female and her boy. This portrays the free adult female and her boy as non being slaves or in bondage to anyone. Paul continues by indicating out the mode of birth of both boies. He foremost refers to the slave adult female s, boy s birth as ordinary. The idea which Paul seems to convey is that it did non necessitate a particular miracle in the birth of this boy, instead it was done out of human attempt and pick. Additionally, the Apostle purports that the free adult female s boy is as a consequence of a promise, which seems to bespeak that the lone ground that this free adult female gave birth to a boy is as a consequence of a promise or understanding and this promise was given by God. This can be substantiated by the Genesis history in chapter 21:1-2. Ridderbos cited in Boles noted that Isaac s birth was so unnatural it prompted some Judaic theologists to construe it as a virgin birth. Boles farther explained that Isaac s birth signifies the grace of God on the lives of those who are non able to utilize their attempt to carry through something desired. Paul now expounds on the analogy of the free adult female and the slave adult female. It is interesting that Paul uses these adult females to talk of two compacts. His attack is to contrast the Judaizers philosophy to that of freedom found in Jesus Christ. At this point it is of import to analyze the compacts that the Apostle references in verse 24 of Galatians 4. In analyzing these compacts it is indispensable that one understands what a compact is to better appreciate why the Apostle chose to show himself in this mode. Covenants by and large speak of particular understandings between two or several parties as cited by. Paul hence represents Hagar as the compact given at Mount Sinai which gives birth to kids who are to be slaves, Galatians 4:24. On nearing this poetry it seems that Paul is showing a false instruction by foregrounding Hagar s kids, seeing that she had one boy as reflected in Genesis 16:15. He farther remarks that Hagar speaks of Mount Sinai in Arabia which reflects the present metropolis of Jerusalem, because she is in bondage with her kids, Galatians 4:25. The Apostle s intervention of these poetries, 24-25 indicates that this compact which represents Hagar is the jurisprudence given at Mount Sinai and her kids are the people to whom it was given. This response to the Judaizers seems to propose that their reading of the Genesis history carried greater truth than they were cognizant of and that they could non maintain the jurisprudence absolutely therefore they tried to detect the ju risprudence by their attempts and in so making it would neer convey about redemption but like Abraham it is merely in God s boy, Abraham s seed Jesus Christ can one be made justified or declared Righteous by God. Paul references Mount Sinai in Arabia and the present metropolis of Jerusalem and her kids, which in this instance would be mentioning to the Judaizers, to be in bondage due to their disbelief in Jesus Christ entirely. These two poetries appear to intend the same thing it hence indicates the Paul uses them to emphasize his point. A contrasting position is so used in verse 26 of Galatians 4 to show a Jerusalem non the present metropolis of Jerusalem. Paul shows her as the one that is above to indicate out that she is at a higher degree than the present metropolis indicating that she is free or non in bondage and is our female parent, our mentioning to himself and the Galatians Christians. This taken into position would intend that the kids of Sarah would include everyone who is free, intending the Galatians who foremost accepted the Gospel of redemption which is found merely in Jesus Christ and by the credence or religion in this Gospel they are made free and declared righteous in the sight of God. Paul returns in poetry 28 by confirming his stance that Galatians Christians are in a better place than the Judaizers. He does this by placing them with Isaac as the kids of promise, non the posterities of Abraham who have non received Jesus as Lord of their lives. Paul so moves on to repeat his point in poetry 29 by showing a historical scene of Ishmael, who is non mentioned in this chapter, Genesis 21:8-10. Normally the first Born who in this instance was Ishmael, inherits from the male parent. However it did non use in this case because the promise was given entirely to Abraham and Sarah and hence could non be applied to Abraham and Hagar. The apostle equates the mocking or persecution of the Galatians to the unorthodoxy promoted by the Judaizers as similar to Ishmael and Isaac, in that the Galatians, like Isaac, were the rightful inheritors of the promise, therefore the statement of the Judaizers had no footing. Paul so sought to contextualize the jurisprudence that the Judaizers held on to by explicating the restrictions of the jurisprudence by doing a comparing between the free adult female and the bond adult female. He put the issue into perspective by clarifying that the bond adult female, like the jurisprudence dullard no relevancy to the dispensation of Grace, John 1:12-13 and 17. Consequently, Christ is presented as the lone manner that the Galatians Christians are free and called kids of freedom, Galatians 4:31. Decision In drumhead therefore, the chief subject of Paul s Hagar-Sarah analogy used by Apostle Paul in Galatians 4 is to rebut the philosophy of the Judaizers. He does this by foregrounding the cardinal failing of their place. Theirs was a philosophy of bondage his was one of freedom in and through Christ. His was reliable because it was rooted in the compact ; theirs was non. In order to drive place and seal his statement, Paul s historical and cultural allusion would non hold been lost on their readers, peculiarly the Judaizers who were legalizing their philosophy by mentioning to their Judaic heritage. Paul uses the really thing that they relied on to sabotage their place.

Economic Policy and Vocational Training in the United Kingdom Essay

Economic Policy and Vocational Training in the United Kingdom - Essay Example In comparison to other countries in the European Union the United Kingdom lags in literacy and numeracy rates. At age 16 the 'staying on' rate for students transitioning into vocational education is below desired rates with the majority of students not 'staying on' being from poorer or minority families. The United Kingdom's attempt to change the course of decline in educational outcomes has met with limited success. The United Kingdom has made three major policy changes that should affect literacy rates and staying on rates. The U.K. has chosen to lengthen the compulsory education mandate from 5 to 16 to 5 to 18. The U.K. has also mandated a 'literacy hour' each day where students and teachers focus only on literacy education. The United Kingdom has also mandated that public schools follow the National Curriculum so that all students are educated using the same standards. The desired outcome of these changes are higher literacy rates, increased staying on rates, and standardization of curriculum across the U.K. The long term outcomes of policy changes would ideally give the United Kingdom a competitive advantage in the E.U. marketplace. If the United Kingdom continues with current trends businesses in the U.K. may look elsewhere in the E.U. for qualified workers thus taking business away from the U.K. The end of World War Two and the creation of the European Union have brought changes to how children are educated in the European Union. This paper examines those changes and evaluates current policies in place in the United Kingdom. For the purpose of this study three member states and their educational systems have been examined. The United Kingdom is the focus of this paper while data and educational programs in Germany and France have been examined for comparison. All three countries have compulsory education laws that require children attend school during certain years of childhood. All three have tracks that children can follow with some transitioning into vocational education while others transition into higher education (university study for example). And, all three are European Union member states. How these member states prepare their 'human capital' is important to the European Union as a whole. The move toward open borders, open markets, brings forth the need to have qualified workers in all sectors of the economy. It only makes sense to prepare future workers in the European Union in a similar way with those performing the same jobs having attained the same qualifications. This was not so important pre World War Two when each country had its own isolated economy. The completion of the Chunnel connecting France and England and the completion of the land bridge connecting Sweden and Denmark further opened borders to more commerce. Countries are responsible for preparing their 'human capital' to function (work) in the global market place. As the European Union moves closer to social and economic cohesion it is more important than ever for it is for workers to be trained or educated to function in this new marketplace. Human Capital Human capital is best understood as "the physical means of production" (Becker, G 1993). Investing in human capital is much the same as investing in equipment. The equipment desired to

In 1901 Maude and George became engaged and he presented her with a Essay

In 1901 Maude and George became engaged and he presented her with a single large stone diamond ring in a gold setting of a style popular at the time - Essay Example The various legislations related to the consumer law protect the rights of a person as a consumer, whether it is of dispute regarding the sale and purchase of the goods/services, or it is of dispute regarding the quality of the goods. As a consumer, a person's rights are expressed as a series of "guarantees" that a seller automatically makes to you when you buy any good or service ordinarily purchased for personal use.(1)Apart from these dimensions of the dispute , the consumer law protects the rights of those consumers who engage in the distance selling. The concept of distance selling includes the selling and buying of the goods/services through the phone. mail etc. An increasing range of goods and services are available to consumers1 shopping in these ways2. The Businesses that normally sell by distance means, the have systems in place for trading in this way.(DSR)(2) the concept of distance selling always includes those elements specified in consumer protection acts. Like any oth er consumer law provisions, it needs a consumer, business; contracts-it should be a distance contract, financial service, Supplier, Working days regarding the business. In given case, Sophie was given diamond ring by her aunt which was later modified by herself has been stolen by Lee, the burglar. Later on Sophie discovered this particular ring in Ebay from whom she came to know that the same has been kept for the exhibition by one Evan, who received this ring from his US based aunty .At present the ring is with the sandy who is the fianc of Evan. The issue in the problem is whether Sophie has to face any obstacles, if decided to recover the ring from Sandy and if so, what may be those obstacles. Before stumble on the barriers, first we shall look upon the possible claims which can be raised by Sophie to recover the ring under various provision of the law. Since the particular ring was examined by the experts before the resetting, Sophie has enough evidence to prove the ring is possessed by her through the witness's testimony. Moreover The photographs of the original pattern of ring has been taken .So the connection of original and modified rings can clearly be proved.(evi)(3) Moreover, Sophie can claim the possession of the ring on the basis of report of Birmingham Jewellery Quarter where she valued the ring as well as on the report of insurance company where the ring was insured. The company has already compensated her also. Apart from this, Lee the burgler already pleaded guilty about the stolen ring among other thing, even though he has given vague statement on this matter. The enquiries by the Ebay also showed that ring was owned by them originally, but a

I will add attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I will add attachment - Essay Example 12). Their main crops cultivated in Mesoamerica encompassed corn, beans and pumpkins. Development of farming in the near East occurred amid Jericho in the dell of Jordan as well as in Mureybet, in the Euphrates. The populace in this region consumed seeds from wild grasses and also nurtured plants in regions convenient for harvesting. The area also generated the original tamed animals. They encompassed sheep, goats, boars as well as cattle. In the temperate Europe, the commonplace agricultural practices involved cultivation of wheat and oats as well as barley. The populace in this region also hunted animals such as deer, pigs and they also practiced fishing. Additionally, in the minority regions where wild resources were underutilized they collected wild grains, fruits. In the three regions, the shift to farming escalated innovations and inventions of novel cultivating equipments (Wells, p. 67). The Uluburun site describes a ship wreckage which occurred in the Late Bronze epoch, in the 1300s. The items inside the vessel vary from those originating from north European to those of African origin as well as from Mesopotamia. These items display ten varied cultures from these regions. The vessel was fifty feet long, and it was constructed with cedar in the archaic shell first custom. The artifacts in the vessel encompassed copper, gold objects, glass items, pottery objects from Cyprus, archaic weapons, ebony from Egypt amongst other valuable antiques. This discovery is crucial in discovering the intensity of trade during the Late Bronze epoch (Renà ©, p.60). The Vix Grave also describes the burial place for the Lady of Vix. It was constructed in approximately 500 BC. It had extremely expensive grave offerings. They entailed ornaments and the Vix Krater which is the most enormous metal item from antiquity. The jewellery encompassed fibulae, regularly embellished with amber amongst other ornaments. Glass

Chips Food Industry: Marketing Analysis

Chips Food Industry: Marketing Analysis Integrated marketing communication program for CHIPS: Executive summary: Various CHIPS industry such as Lays, Uncle chips, and fun pop etc. design various integrated marketing program. Although common objective of all IMC program is increase brand awareness, sale and design a unique image in customers mind. In order to address and attract customer all chips industry launch various campaign. To communicate with public and customers they advertise their campaign on TV, magazine, online and radio. Through their advertisement they want to design their brand image in customer mind. Besides advertisement, they also carried out promotion activity, public relation, direct marketing etc. Direct marketing is although time consuming but most effective tool for communication. Various chips industry also organizes various events in order to communicate properly with customers, for example Lays company was planning to launch a new taste called â€Å"GIVE US YOUR DILLICIOUS FLAVOR† for their customers. Main purpose of this event is to increase the variety of chips . Before designing IMC program this company carried out market research in order to judge customers behaviors and taste toward chips. For research they design the strategy for chips event. During the event they decided to get feedback from customer who visits retail outlet so that appropriate primary data can be collected for designing IMC strategy for â€Å"The HUB†. Before designing integrated marketing communication program it is necessary to judge consumers behavior toward chips , it is necessary to known customers liking and disliking, these data provide various support during designing of IMC program. Although there are various media available for communicating but Print ads in magazine and news paper is seen most effective medium followed by television. After Research survey done by various chips company, it has been found that oldest peoples were less brand conscious than youths. There is no particular taste trend about chips among oldest peoples, but youths are more conscious towards chips market. â€Å"Tastes† and â€Å"varieties† are the major attributes considered by customer while buying chips. Marketing plan plan Situation Analysis: Every organization faces a lot of problem at present time so it became necessary for every organization that before setting any objective carried out situation analysis in order to recognize strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in our organization. According to Sally and John, marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organizations marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy†. A successful marketing plan is able to improve organizations profits and growth, uses in objective setting and monitors results. So to gain a successful market plan it is necessary to understand the current situation comprehensively and trends affecting the future of the organization. There are two major reasons to explain why situation analysis plays a vital role in developing marketing plan. Firstly, dynamic marketing environment will lead to uncertainty, threats and opportunities for marketers. Marketing managers who success to know changes in environment through situation analysis can lead their companies to capitalize on opportunities and cope with threats created by changes. Then, systematically analyzing situational environments in order to identify our customers and understand their needs and taste. There are certain opportunities in chips industry, such as increase people taste, increase market and market share through integrated PR, and advertisement and promotional campaign. Besides opportunities there is a lot of threat that create barrier for entry in chips industry. These threats are as follow: Too much competitors in the market Mainly prefer to old brand. High price and loyalty decrease loyalty toward brand Main objective behind situation analysis is to known analyze customer, competitor and there strategy. Marketing objective: After situation analysis we became able to known our organization strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in environment. It provides a lot of support in setting of objective. There may be a lot of marketing objective, some are as follow: Increase market share To Launch new variety chips with new flavors. Increase sale by 50% in 6 month from the launch of public campaign Create awareness among target audience. Use excessive advertising especially using media preferred by the target market. Create product belonging and position among buyers mind Marketing strategies : To achieve these objective we implement various strategy. Target market: Urban personality: Affluent institutes Prosperous young professional Students and cosmopolitan Mainly for the youth Gender: male and female Age: 5 to 40 years Marketing Mix Strategies : Main aim of various chips industry to produce high quality chips in different-different ingredients such as SPICY, BUTTER, SALTED, LEMON. This is mostly done to capture youth attention. They produce chips in different ingredients to capture more market share. Must of chips brand such as lays, uncle chips, bingo, fun pop jump in to Indian market by producing high quality of chips. Form that alls lays captured very high share in the market. Pricing range from 3 to 40. Chips do not need too much promotion. It is done mostly by fair, E commerce and agent The distribution channels for chips industry are as follows. MANUFACTURER (COMPANY) WHOLESELLER CHIPS SEND TO RETAILER CUSTOMER Internal Process It is as follows. Import Potato Cutting Fried Wrapped flavors Withdraw wastage Finishing Dispatched to store Packing and containers Samples of Product; Implementation tactics : Launch a blind ad campaign on billboards and magazines in all A class areas of major cities and magazine. Heavy advertising on TV, newspapers and magazines Set displays in buses and major dealer outlets in all cities. Reduce number of billboards, television and magazines advertisements. Continue Advertising Evaluation, Monitoring and Control: Goal of marketing plan is to achieve market objective that are established before implementation of marketing plan. We evaluate and control our strategic tactic by comparing our result with standard established before setting of plan, by measuring customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. If result is less than our standard than there any is default in implementation and monitoring. The people who are responsible for the monitoring and control of the marketing plan involves, the Marketing Executives, Sales Managers, Media Managers, Market Research Departments, and the Production Managers. Some activities must be carried out for precisely and closely evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics for example the gathering and structuring of data regarding market, product, consumers and the pricing trends, then the generation of daily sales report should be maintained and then in the end continuous reconfirming of the marketing budget and activities by the managers of different divisions. The Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) So Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Promotional activities include Advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication. Situational analysis : First of all we carried out we carried out situation analysis in order to understood problem. In this we identify our competitors and their strategy for example Lays carried out competitor analysis and find out various strategy adopted by other chips companies e.g. lays, uncle chips, kurkure , Fun pop, oho yes . After situation analysis Lays company found that customer wants a new taste in chips and needed a change in strategic direction. Management responded to the increase its manufacturing plants offshore and by introducing a new taste of chips in the market. Under situation analysis we also analyze financial position of company. IMC objective : There are various IMC objective set by jeans company after situation analysis in order to accomplish their goal. Some of objective are as follow: To Increase sale by 50% in six month To Increase brand awareness To Increase customer loyalty To Increase desire of customer To Increase repeat purchase To measure customer satisfaction To create relationship with customer on personal level To control and observe public opinion To receive feedback from customer on regular basis Media objectives state the impact that you expect to have on an audience in terms of reach and frequency. Objectives must meet the following criteria: Measurability Quantifiability Realism time-specificity Budget determination: We need to establish what amount of money will be needed to achieve the IMC objectives.Although there is various methods present to determine what amount of money invest on IMC. These methods are as follow: Affordable Method Percentage of Sales Method Unit of Sales Method Zero Budgeting Method In affordable method we invest money on IMC as soon as we can afford. However in Percentage of Sales Method amount of money invest on IMC tool depend on what amount of sale we expect to achieve during course of year. These percentages are mostly adhoc and sometime based on judgment. In Unit of Sales Method Company allocate a certain proportion of cost of product to promotion. Thus say if ex factory cost of the product is say Rs 10/ the company will allot Rs.100/- toward promotion cost. Hence if company expects sale 30000 unit of the product, thus allocated IMC budget will be Rs.30,00,000/-. In Zero Budgeting Method, company determine what need to achieve in term of sale and then rework backward in term of what money will be needed to be allocate to deliver those customers. Thus if company believe that in order to achieve their sales, 30,000 customers need to purchase their chips once during the planning period than it will work out what number of prospective customers will needed to be targeted through ATL and BTL activity, in order to achieve that result. IMC Methodologies There are various component of integrated marketing communication that is as follow: Advertisement Advertisement is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas or products by an identified sponsor. Objective of any ads is to increase brand awareness. Objectives: There are mostly three objective of advertisement campaign, that are as follow: Inform Persuade Remind 1. Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the chips, explain the new quality added in chips, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the chips quality and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new quality chips, or re-launch / up-date of an existing chips. 2. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the chips as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a ingredient of chips flavor competes directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate theirs chips through Comparison Advertising either directly or indirectly comparing its chips to that of its competitors. 3. Remind: Reminder Advertising, is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established chips brand in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Advertisement budget: Having identified advertising objectives, the advertising budget must be set. Determining exactly how much a business should spend on advertising to achieve the desired level of sales. Commonly, the decision is based on past experience of expenditure on advertising, and the sales subsequently achieved. There are however a number of factors that can be considered in setting the advertising budget Factors influencing the setting of advertising Budgets: Product life cycle stage: New products in the Launch stage of their Product Life Cycle, will normally require greater expenditure on advertising to create product awareness, and encourage consumers to trial the product. Whilst products that have reached Maturity in their product life cycle, will often require smaller advertising budgets to achieve the level of sales required. Competition: The number of competitors in the market, and their expenditure on advertising competing products, will influence a business to spend to a similar or higher degree. Product Differentiation: A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors. Advertising Strategy: Developing an Advertising Strategy to achieve the objectives of a campaign, requires that consideration be given to both the ‘Message which will be communicated and the ‘Media through which it will be sent Advertising Message An advertising campaign, no matter how much money is spent, no matter what media is used, will only be successful if the Message appeals to the target audience. Given the level of advertising which bombards the average consumer, a successful advertising message must stand out amongst the advertising clutter. Thus marketing professionals are required to be creative, imaginative and innovative in developing the advertising message, both in terms of what is said, and How it is said? What is said This is often referred to as the ‘Big Idea, and will normally address the key benefits sought by the target audience, motivating the audience to pay attention. Given the constant search for new ways to appeal to target audiences, it is difficult to categories the content of advertising messages which a business may send.. How they say it During delivery of advertisement massage in customer mind take the taste symbol, and various flavors as consideration. In addition the tone of the advertisement will need to be established, which can be either positive or negative. The advert may therefore promote positive feelings of fun, contentment, and happiness or take on a more negative, somber, or even threatening tone. Selecting Advertising Media: In addition to deciding upon the content, style and tone of the advertising message, the media through which the message will be communicated to the target audience must also be selected. Mostly for chips advertisement we select media such as magazine, newspaper and outdoor. TV rarely used for advertisement of chips. In order to select the most appropriate media, consideration must should be given to various advantage and disadvantage of various media. Strengths and weakness of various media are as given below: Television : Strengths Dynamic attention getting media, combining visual, sound and animated stimulus. Strong potential Impact High market coverage Good at demonstrating products Weaknesses: Highly expensive Poor at communicating lengthy technical information Newspapers: Strengths: Targeting is possible through profiling readership Good level of market coverage Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Potential for poor reproduction, sometimes limited to black and white print Short-life span, i.e. todays newspapers become tomorrows rubbish Magazines: Strengths: High quality reproduction, of color images Targeting is possible through specialist publications Good pass on readership Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Lengthy lead-time between advert being placed and magazine being published Outdoor: Strengths: High repeat exposure to advert Relatively low cost Low levels of competition, in terms of advertising clutter Weaknesses: Limited audience selectivity / targeting possible Static media, not suitable for product demonstrations Difficult to monitor effectiveness Sale promotion: Sale promotion is collection of various consumers and trade promotional tool such as rebate, discount, gift, contest, coupons, price deal, contest game, sampling etc. to increase sale of products. There are certain objectives of sale promotion. However main objective is to increase immediate sale because Sales Managers are under great pressure to produce results quickly. Objective: There are certain objectives of sale promotion that are as follow: To increase immediate customer sale To increase support among the marketers sales force. To gain the support of the trade in marketing the product Reasons for Growth of Sales Promotion: There are number of reason for growth of company in sale promotion some are as follow: 1. Increasing Competition Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion. In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors like lays, uncle chips, kurkure, oho yes, fun pops once a year has a grand sale of up to 50%. 2. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive: The increase price sensitivity is direct result of rampant inflation. Economic support this trend further, as a result customers and dealer became more sensitive toward price. If the customers believes in on lays then he definitely buy the new chips but customer buy it when our product provide high quality with cheap rates. 3. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales: Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower impact on sales in compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. 4. Products have become more standardized: In many product categories there is proliferation of brand or line extension and me too many brands. Most of brand perceived by consumer varies little in price. Due to this it became very difficult for advertiser to reposition their product in customers mind. Due to which they focus on more and more on sale promotion to get immediate result. 6. Advertising Has Become More Expensive and Less Effective: All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. 7. Trade Has Become More Powerful: At present time Retailers and wholesalers have became more powerful and demand extra facility from company to promote their product. Company has no other alternative. Besides these there are also various kind reason such as Excess Stocks, Impulse Buying Is Increasing, Sales Promotions Maximize Profits etc. Promotion Strategies: Promotional strategy is mostly run to change consumers behavior, to increase brand image, to increase profit, to increase sale of various good. There are mostly two kind of sale promotion, one is directed toward consumer and other one is directed toward trade such as dealer, supplier, retailer etc. Consumer sale promotion tool: there are a lot of promotional tool used to increase sale. Consumer sale promotion is directed toward consumer. It stimulate consumer to purchase their product rapidly. There are a lot of tool that are as follow: Price deal: Price deal is temporary reduction in price of product. There are two type of deal: one is buy in bulk and second is extra quantity. Coupon: A coupon is typically a printed certificate giving the bearer a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for a specific period. Various company issue various kind of coupon that contain various discount price , customer get the advantage of this discount and get chips at free of cost. Offer: There are various kind of offers given by various chips industry. For example buy 2 chips and get 1 free. or buy 3 and pay for 2. That types of schemes provided by the chips industries. Premium: sometime various companies like Lays, kurkure etc. offer some gift inside the chips packet or at bargain price to encourage customer buying. Sampling: Some companies when launch a new taste of chips in the market, before the launching, sample of chips is to be taste in the market. If that sample is being liked by the peoples then it launch in the market. Advertising Specialities: Advertising specialities also call a promotional product. It mostly given to our loyal customers. It includes various card like birthday card, New Year card. It is mostly done to retain old customer. And this cards is provide to retailers for the customers. Trade sale promotion tool: Objectives of Trade Sales Promotion: Gain/maintain distribution Influence resellers to promote product Influence resellers to offer price discount Increase reseller inventory Defend against competitors Avoid reduction of normal prices There are various sale promotion tools that stimulate trade to promote company product. There are a lot of trade sale promotion tools some are as discussed below: Trade Allowances: Trade allowances are short-term special allowances, discounts, or deals granted to resellers to stimulate reseller to rapid purchase of their product. Point-of-Purchase Display: Point-of-purchase displays are generally used at the retail level to call customer attention to a featured product. In this company employees observe every retail shop and those retail shop that display more company product will be winner of special gift or prizes. Trade Shows: A trade show is periodic, semi periodic public event at which supplier displays their chips product and provides information about chips quality and price to buyers. After implementing these different techniques of sale promotion we monitor result and evaluate these by comparing with objective set before implementation of plan. Public relation Public relation is nothing but creating a favorable relation for organization and product which is done through used of various communication channel and tool. So public relation is mostly done to improve the image of company and build good image in customers mind. So public relation may be define as â€Å"Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organizations ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values. Objective: like other aspect of marketing, public relation is also used to address several broad aspect of marketing like: Building Product Awareness When introducing a new product or relaunching an existing product, marketers can use a PR element that generates consumer attention and awareness through media placements and special events. Creating Interest: Public Relation create public interest to used the product at least for once time. Providing Information: Through the Public relation we can provide a lot of information about company activity and their product feature and service provided by company. This information is delivered to public through newspaper, article website, collateral material; PR helps in delivering information that helps to public in understanding the product feature. Stimulating Demand: A positive article in a newspaper, on TV, news show or mentioned on the Internet, often results in a discernable increase in product sales. Reinforcing the Brand: In many companies like lays, kurkure company the public relations function is also involved with brand reinforcement by maintaining positive relationships with key audiences, and thereby aiding in building a strong image. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is business of selling company product directly to customers through mail order, telephone, fax, e-mails, or web selling, rather than through retailers. Objective: There are mostly to objective for which direct marketing is carried out these are as follow: Convert not user to user. It is mostly done to obtain new client. The identification of new potential clients is very crucial when it comes to recruit new prospects and transformed them into your clients. The perpetual loyalty of customers. A loyal consumer cost less than new customers. Strategy: Various chips industry like Lays, kurkure involved in direct marketing to get more market share. These companies sent a mail-order catalog to approximately prospective customers. 100-page catalog, developed in-house, targets childrens, men and women and also contains 10 pages devoted to home products. There are various tools for direct marketing these are as : Direct mail, Telemarketing, Email Marketing ,faxing, Voicemail, Couponing, Direct response television marketing. Measuring and Evaluate the Planning process: Reason for measuring IMC performance: There are various reason, due to which it became more necessary to measure performance of IMC. These reasons are as follow: Since a lot of money is required for advertisement and promotion and other marketing activity. So it became necessary to evaluate whether such invest generate any return or not. After measuring the performance it became able to understand where I am. So it help in choosing the most effective alternative. We carried out IMC performance evaluation to eliminate unproductive strategy. It also helps in estimating whether objectives are achieved or not. Evaluation of IMC planning process: Evaluation of an IMC plan is not easy because often communications effects are difficult to measure. At times they may not even have a direct impact on sales or profitability; effects may be delayed, etc. Therefore it is important to set the objective or â€Å"standards for measuring performance† in specific, measurable terms to make the evaluation possible. After doing all these now its time to evaluate the performance, the performance is satisfactory as they have imagined because its quit difficult to enter into the chips industry but after this they have achieved their objectives and satisfy their customer by providing the new taste with reasonable price, different flavors, and ingredients. Manager has to measure the actual performance either through consumer surveys or sales figure. Sales have been increasing day by day. Their market share also increased. Brand image is increasing because their strategies are up to the mark so they got success to satisfy their customer towards their new product Manager got to know these outcomes by comparing actual performance with set standards of new product. These steps also helped out to take further decision or plans.

Wellness :: essays research papers

Freshman seminar Wellness paper 101 Ways of doing It With Out Actually doing it This program totally wasn’t what I expected it to be. To my surprise the whole thing was actually about relationships, and what to do on dates without having sex, and or sexual influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attending college is a very different experience. It’s when most of us experience life situations and learn to make our own decisions. The problem is that many students, due to the influence of our society, decide to have sex because â€Å"everybody else is doing it†. But what many students don’t realize is that there both rewards and consequences when dealing with sexual intercourse. This is an important issue, especially when most of my fellow peers believe in â€Å"casual sex†. I personally believe that sex is something that shouldn’t be taking lightly†¦in other words, I’m not anybody’s booty call!!!!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyways, back to the seminar. In the discussion, many of us realized that dates seem to be a thing of the past. No one really goes on a â€Å"one on one† date anymore. Its always a group thing, going out to a party or just hanging out. I can’t even remember if I’ve ever been on a real date myself. Relationships lack that solid foundation of one to one communication, which is probably why most teens have sex: it’s what’s expected, yet nobody talks about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the seminar, we were educated in finding other ways to express ourselves and feelings to each other. Even though some were far-fetched and unrealistic (for example: a grave yard walk), some were actually feasible (example: a picnic). A few of the other suggestions included a K-mart party, which I personally would’ve evr thought of, but I guess it is another alternative to sex. Some of the more realistic ones included walks on the beach, athletic activities, dinner and a movie. Hopefully some of these ideas will be used around campus instead of sex. Many attending the meeting suggested other dating ideas such as horseback riding, test driving cars and playing golf. I didn’t quite agree with them because a.) horses are big animals b.) I don’t have a license and c.) I HATE golf!!!! Also during the seminar, we participated in an activity. We were split into groups, based on gender. The girls that attended the seminar wrote down some of the things they like to do and some of the things they hate, the boys in the room did the same.

Elder Abuse and Neglect: Trends and Implications Essay

Considering the growing number of elder population in the world, and more specifically in the US, the reality of elder abuse or mistreatment has increasingly become a cause of concern specially for the health sector. Political and social forums have lent a stage for policy debates related to elder abuse. Though statistics show that elder abuse is common in many households and health care facilities, it is still considered as an underreported type of family violence. The International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse and the World Health Organization define elder abuse as â€Å"a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action occurring within a relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person† (as cited by Perel-Levin, 2005). Abuse of elderly people occurs in several ways, and often the types of abuse overlap with one another. The five commonly identified categories of elder abuse are physical abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, financial or material abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. (Bergeron, 2005; Dyer and Rowe, 1999; Kingston & Penhale, 1995; Perel-Levin, 2005). Elder abuse is a violation of human rights Perel-Levin (2005) and it constitutes potentially serious health and social problems (Kingston & Penhale, 1995). Perel-Levin (2005) assert that because of the speed of population ageing worldwide, elder abuse will also increase unless interventions are done to address it. A study made by the National Center for Elder revealed that 1996 saw more than 500,000 victims of elder abuse in America and that the great majority (84%) were not reported. This implies that there are several millions of elder abuse victims who continue to suffer in silence and without due recourse or help from authorities (NCEA, 1996). In the UK, at least half a million older persons are abused each year, yet it is believed that most such abuse remains unreported because its victims are too frightened, ashamed or embarrassed to come forward (Department of Health, 2007; as cited in Cronin, 2007). Health professionals as well as researchers agree that elder abuse and neglect often take place in the context of illness and caretaking issues (Bergeron, 2005). It is ironic because these facilities should instead safeguard the welfare and well-being of patients and wards instead of condoning abuse and neglect or turning a blind eye. It is commonly believed that the risk factors for elder abuse are present caretaking facilities that are tasked to safeguard the welfare of the elders. These settings include home health care, mental health clinics, emergency departments, and acute settings, as well as in long-term institutional care (Bergeron, 2005). These contentions support the critical argument of this paper that the reality of elder abuse and its still blurred status in institutional policy orientations augurs many pejoratives and adverse implications for older adults particularly those residing in nursing facilities. A victim of elder abuse would most likely suffer from worsening health condition which could very well adversely affect his social relationships, mental health and life endeavours. Trends Various sectors of the society have taken the cudgel to win the battle against elder abuse, mistreatment and neglect. Heading the cry for eradication of the problem is the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) which is under the auspices of the US Administration for Aging. It is working closely with many other advocates. NCEA is composed of a consortium of professionals and experts from various disciplines, most of them being researchers, practitioners and educators (NCEA website). Addressing the elder abuse dilemma has also been pacing up at the World Health Organization and has commissioned researches to gather information about the problem for it to come up with working solutions and interventions on a global scale. The mandate of the NCEA gives an overview of the efforts of practitioners and advocates to solve the problem on elder abuse and to promote the dignity of elder persons. Elder abuse is studied and dissected in many aspects focusing on 1) causes and risk factors, 2) prevalence and incidence of elder abuse in various contexts (e. g. , the home and health care facilities), 3) clinical screening and abuse identification, 4) evaluation of risk assessment tools and elder abuse instruments, and 5) prevention and treatment protocols with emphasis on evidence-based practice, among others (NCEA website). In a research partly sponsored by the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, it is asserted that family violence which includes child abuse, partnership violence and elder mistreatment has become a â€Å"major social, health and law enforcement issue† as it continues to impact on policy directions as well as strain the capability of law enforcement agencies, judicial bodies, social service agencies, and health care centers (Chalk & King, 1998). Elder abuse and neglect issues have been taken in political agenda. In a remarkable eye-opening testimony by Catherine Hawes (Professor and Director of the Southwest Rural Health Research Center at the School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center), she confirmed to the US Senate that indeed elder abuse is a sad reality in residential long-term care settings. The gist of her testimony contends that patients in such residential facilities are very vulnerable to mistreatment and abuse, that the problem elder abuse and neglect are caused by â€Å"low staffing levels and inadequate staff training†, that evidence suggests to the effectiveness of existing guidelines and practices to minimize the problem in residential facilities, and that the elder abuse problem in such settings have not been given the right attention (Hawes, 2002). Elder abuse and neglect has also become a critical issue in the fields of criminology and law enforcement. The number of elder abuse related studies in the field of criminal justice have escalated. A project conducted by the American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging, with the assistance of the University of California , Irvine School of Medicine by virtue of a grant made by the National Institute of Justice, highlights several recommendations relating to medical forensic issues on elder abuse were presented and which may be used as a guide in research and policy endeavors of other practitioners. In another research, Blake & Dolon (2006) gives a comprehensive and methodical approach to the abuse and neglect issue that will be of great use to the criminal justice system and the social services sector, among others. Practical examples and situations are given to illustrate their concepts and to describe proposed interventions in the legal context (e. g. , establishment of guardianship), for the health sector (e. g. , diagnosis and treatment), and in the social services sector (e. g. , home care or counselling). Forensic studies also provide guidance in conducting research-based forensic interviews. One such study is that Cooper and King (2006), which set up clear interview guidelines in aid of forensic investigation of an offender who committed sexual assault against an elderly. An evaluation of the criminal justice response to elder abuse in nursing homes was conducted by Payne & Gainey (2006). Analyzing 801 cases of elder abuse in nursing homes revealed that physical assault is the most common form of abuse and that work stress contributes to elder abuse incidence. The researchers suggest that preventative measures should be implemented forthwith in nursing homes. Implications The health and medical sciences as well as occupational science are linked together because they focus on the health and well-being of human beings. Implications of elder abuse to the health sector come from different perspectives, but the essence of occupational science and justice are mostly integrated in these perspectives. For health care providers, they are not only in an ideal position to engage in early identification, support and referral of persons experiencing elder abuse but should also recognize and accept it as their responsibility to address the risks of elder abuse (Kingston & Penhale, 1995). However, Fulmer, et al (2004) say that the health care sector experience difficulty fulfilling these roles. Citing several studies, it was asserted that elder abuse treatment attitudes among nurses with older patients tend to be negative (McLafferty & Morrison, 2004) and that ignorance in hospitals of the problem of elder abuse is characteristic of the situation in general (Cohen, et al, 2006). Richardson, et al; (2002) found that at baseline, staff often do not recognize, record and report abuse. Still, Nahmiash and Reis (2000) found in their study that the most accepted and successful strategies for abused older adults are concrete: nursing and other medical care and homemaking assistance, thus health professionals, especially nurses, are likely to be among those accepted by abused adults. Accident and emergency departments are often the first point of contact for an abused older person (Dyer & Rowe, 1999). Notwithstanding the problems in recognising abuse and the complexities of dealing with older people, emergency nurses need not prove or disprove it is present; it is their responsibility though to act if they suspect it (Cronin, 2007) and they should not be afraid to seek help if they are suspicious of abuse, lest they fall short of their responsibility. (Dyer and Rowe, 1999). For the occupational therapist, an acute understanding of elder abuse and its symptoms could help him screen and identify elder abuse, refer incidence to authorities or to enhance therapeutic protocols to restore health and well-being of an abused elder. Knowledge of the experiences of an elderly patient will give the practitioner valuable insights on the patient’s physical state and mental condition and which will help the patient-therapist partnership in designing and implementing therapeutic programs. Conclusion The sad reality of elder abuse stares us into the face and we can’t help but stare back in terror and fear. The face of an old person with beaten black and blue or a disposition that showed the heartbreaking misery of being attacked or robbed by one’s own family are indeed not only poignant pictures but terrifying as well. Imagine millions of faces like these. It would be a terrible world to live in. As already underscored earlier, elder abuse is underreported. Even as statistics show that millions of abuse cases have been reported, there are millions more who are hidden and kept secret. The reported statistics is just the tip of the iceberg. As also discussed, elder abuse is committed in residential facilities by no less than the health professionals who are supposed to be the protectors of their health and well-being. This is a cause of panic. This is an issue that should not escape the judicious eyes and ears of law and government. Occupational science could contribute so much in policy-making as well as designing protocols to prevent or treat elder abuse. References Bergeron, L. R. (2005). Elder abuse: Clinical assessment and obligation to report. In K. A. Kendall-Tackett (Ed. ), Health consequences of abuse in the family: A clinical guide for evidence based practice.. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. pp. 109-128. Blakely, B. & Dolon, R. (2006). Elder mistreatment (from Crisis Intervention in Criminal Justice/Social Service). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher Ltd. Chalk, R. and King, PA, eds. (1998). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs.. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Cohen, M. , et al. (2006). Risk of abuse by their caregivers: development of a screening tool for identifying elderly people at risk of abuse by their caregivers. The Journal of Aging and Health. Retrieved Sept 25 2008 from ttp://jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660 Cronin, G. (2007). Elder abuse: the same old story? Emergency Nurse. Vol 15, No 3 June 2007. Dyer, C. & Rowe, J. 1999. Elder abuse. Trauma 1999; 1: 163-169 Arnold Publishers Fulmer, T. (2004). Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Vol 52, No 2. Retrieved January 10, 2009 from http://www. hartfordign. org/publications/trythis/issue15. pdf. Fulmer, T. , Paveza, G. , Abraham, I. , & Fairchild, S. (2000). Elder neglect assessment in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 26, 436-443. Hawes, Catherine. (2002). Elder abuse in residential long-term care facilities: What is known about prevalence, causes, and prevention. Testimony before the U. S. Senate Committee on Finance, June 18, 2002. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http://finance. senate. gov/hearings/testimony/061802chtest. pdf.

Free Essays on Oboe History

The first type of reed instrument was created by the Egyptians in B.C. times. The primitive form was barley straws pressed flat and placed in a small pipe. These Egyptian reed-pipes later had three to four holes added. They varied in length. The Romans had similar instruments which they called tibiae. A short double-reeded instrument had been developed by the 12th century. It had a conical bore with a wide bell. It was brought to Europe during the Crusades from the East. It was named the shawm. The 14th century brought modifications and the discant shawm was invented. The treble shawm was soon produced. The oboe was developed from this instrument in the 17th century. It was made to be performed indoors. The oboe was produced by the Hotteterre family. It was first used in the court of Louis XVI. The original name was the French word hautbois, meaning "high-wood". The oboe was made of three sections with six keys and hole. Developments in the 18th century included making different sizes. One such model was the oboe di caccia. This is the ancestor of the English horn. More key mechanisms were developed in the 19th century. Nine keys were used by 1825 with the fingering similar to the flute and bassoon. The reed was also improved upon. The oboe is 1 foot 11.5 inches long, not including the reed. It is made with a conical bore that is larger towards the end. The English horn is 2 feet 7.5 inches long, not including the short metal tube to which the reed is attached. They are made of ebonite. The English horn has a lower, richer sound than the oboe. The oboe has been a favorite among composers for the last 300 years. The appeal is the reedy sound which is good for staccato melodies. The English horn is used for the lower sounds. Sound is produced by the player drawing the lips between the teeth into the mouth. The player then focuses the air through the reed at high pressure. The reeds vibrate against each other. This sets th... Free Essays on Oboe History Free Essays on Oboe History The first type of reed instrument was created by the Egyptians in B.C. times. The primitive form was barley straws pressed flat and placed in a small pipe. These Egyptian reed-pipes later had three to four holes added. They varied in length. The Romans had similar instruments which they called tibiae. A short double-reeded instrument had been developed by the 12th century. It had a conical bore with a wide bell. It was brought to Europe during the Crusades from the East. It was named the shawm. The 14th century brought modifications and the discant shawm was invented. The treble shawm was soon produced. The oboe was developed from this instrument in the 17th century. It was made to be performed indoors. The oboe was produced by the Hotteterre family. It was first used in the court of Louis XVI. The original name was the French word hautbois, meaning "high-wood". The oboe was made of three sections with six keys and hole. Developments in the 18th century included making different sizes. One such model was the oboe di caccia. This is the ancestor of the English horn. More key mechanisms were developed in the 19th century. Nine keys were used by 1825 with the fingering similar to the flute and bassoon. The reed was also improved upon. The oboe is 1 foot 11.5 inches long, not including the reed. It is made with a conical bore that is larger towards the end. The English horn is 2 feet 7.5 inches long, not including the short metal tube to which the reed is attached. They are made of ebonite. The English horn has a lower, richer sound than the oboe. The oboe has been a favorite among composers for the last 300 years. The appeal is the reedy sound which is good for staccato melodies. The English horn is used for the lower sounds. Sound is produced by the player drawing the lips between the teeth into the mouth. The player then focuses the air through the reed at high pressure. The reeds vibrate against each other. This sets th...